Volume 2 of our series “Truly Old Masters” focuses on Modern and Contemporary artists who lived long and fruitful lives in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries (except Americans, who will be the subject of Volume 3). Since medical care improved considerably after 1900, it has become more and more common for artists to live to a ripe old age. That’s why for this volume we’ve raised the bar from 75 to 80 years old. Still, the list is long, even though it covers not much more than a century.
While there are plenty of artists who worry about aging, many celebrate it as an opportunity to do more and better work. To congratulate the Swedish director Ingmar Bergman on reaching his 70th birthday, the 77 year old film-maker Akira Kurosawa wrote to him about an artist who “bloomed when he reached eighty.” Kurosawa, who lived to 88 and continued to write films almost to the end, told Bergman that he realized his own work “was only beginning” and that artists are “not really capable of creating really good works until [they] reach the age of 80.”
Louise Bourgeois in 2009
Recent studies are debunking the old theories that great artists (and scientists, for that matter) do their best work by the time they are thirty. The sculptor Louise Bourgeois who lived nearly to 100, described herself as a ‘long distance runner.’ When she was 84, she was asked whether she could have made a recent work when she was younger. She replied, “Absolutely not.” When asked why, she explained, “I was not sophisticated enough.”
Old age is not without its hazards, but even they can be inspiring. Henri Matisse suffered from a near fatal illness in his seventies. After he survived a dangerous surgery, he said,
“My terrible operation has completely rejuvenated and made a philosopher of me. I had so completely prepared for my exit from life that it seems to me that I am in a second life.”
Despite being mostly bedridden, his ‘second life’ led to the exuberant, colorful paper cut-outs that occupied him for the rest of his life.
Below is a gallery of portraits and works by twentieth century artists who did not die young but lived long enough to truly become old masters. [Click on an image to begin slide show.]
-
- Aristide Maillol lived to 82 (1861-1944).
-
- Maillol, La Rivière, 1943. Lead sculpture.
-
- Edvard Munch lived to 80 (1863-1944).
-
- Henri Matisse lived to 84 (1869-1954).
-
- Constantin Brancusi lived to 81 (1876-1957)
-
- Brancusi, Endless Column, 1938
-
- Hans Hofmann lived to 85 (1880-1966).
-
- Pablo Picasso lived to 92 (1881-1973).
-
- Pablo Picasso lived to 92 (1881-1973).
-
- George Braque lived to 81 (1882-1963).
-
- George Braque (1882-1963), Atelier VIII, 1954.
-
- Marcel Duchamp lived to 81 (1887-1968).
-
- Marc Chagall lived to 97 (1887-1985)
-
- Max Ernst was one day short of 85 when he died (1891-1976).
-
- Joan Miró lived to 90 (1893-1983).
-
- Henry Moore lived to 88 (1898-1986).
-
- Salvador Dalí lived to 84 (1904-1989).
-
- Henri Cartier-Bresson lived to 96 (1908-2004).
-
- Francis Bacon lived to 82 (1909-1992). [Photograph from 1977]
-
- Francis Bacon, Three Studies for Self-Portrait, 1980
-
- Louise Bourgeois lived to 98 (1911-2010).
-
- Louise Bourgeois, Spider, 2007
-
- Leonora Carrington lived to 94 (1917-2011).
-
- Francoise Gilot lived to 101 (1921 – 2023).
-
- Lucian Freud lived to 88 (1922-2011).
-
- Richard Hamilton lived to 89 (1922-2011).
-
- Anthony Caro lived to 89 (1924-2013).
-
- Bridget Riley is 93 (b. 1931). “Quiver”, 2013.
-
- Frank Auerbach is 93 (b. 1931).
-
- Howard Hodgkin lived to 84 (b. 1932 – 2017). “Rain” 2011.
-
- Gerhard Richter is 92 (b. 1932).